Collateral

Collateral is used to describe an object of high value that is used to guarantee the repayment of a loan. If repayments are late, or the agreement is defaulted, the collateral is taken in place of the repayment. Amongst the most common types of collateral are people’s houses in regards to their mortgage payments, or their cars if ‘part-ownership’ deals have been made. Therefore, mortgages are amongst the most common loans with collateral. For some of the top rates on mortgages, take a look at NatWest.

Secured and Unsecured Loans

A secured loan is one that has collateral back it up in the event of default, they usually have lower interest rates due to the fact that if payment isn’t made the lender has the ability to take ownership of the collateral and sell this to make up the money that they are still owed.

Accordingly unsecured loans are Loans that don’t have collateral. Instead they charge much higher interest rates so that if the repayment is unable to be made, the lender will already have received back much of his original capital and therefore make the smallest loss. Alliance and Leicester is provides some of the best rates on loans available from the reputable high street banks. Also, take a look at ASDA Finances for low rates on both secured loans and unsecured loans.

Equity

Equity refers to the monetary value of a property or business after the amount that is still owed on the loan originally used to purchase it is taken off. Most commonly that loan is the mortgage on someone’s house, which means the equity is the part of the house that is owned directly and solely by the individual and not the bank, or mortgage lenders. The more money that a person pays towards their mortgage then the more equity that they are considered to have.

Equity, therefore, is linked to collateral in as much as it is the equity that an individual holds on their house that is considered as the collateral in mortgage agreements.

Default

Defaulting is when an individual is unable to fulfill their obligations in regards to a financial agreement. Simply put, if you are unable to meet the payments of a mortgage, or of a loan, then this is considered defaulting. In regards to the current global credit crunch, the problems are simplistically assigned to large numbers of people defaulting on their mortgages in America. This was due to certain financial institutions taking the risk of agreeing mortgage terms with people who would not certainly be able to meet the terms of their mortgages.

These are just a few of the simplest terms that are found when addressing personal finance, particularly in regards to loans, credit cards, bank accounts, and mortgages. It is important to be closely familiar with them when dealing with anything financial, as slight misunderstandings can have incredibly grave consequences.

The argument for either side of the equation usually heats up over the topic of investment return. While some argue that investing can yield a higher after tax return based on historical figures, others posit that those historical figures are likely not going to be accurate going forward and that finding a ‘guaranteed’ rate of return in the current environment as high as your mortgage rate is improbable.

While both can make good arguments, I am not going to approach the mathematical side of this subject with this article.

The truth of the matter is that everyone’s situation is different and everyone has their own personal views on risk and debt. Truth be told, I firmly believe that we can’t reasonably compare an investment portfolio with one’s personal residence. Therefore, I view this argument as much more emotional than mathematical. It is for that reason that I want to bring to light some of the emotional trigger points that evoke the polar responses often associated with the pay down debt vs. investing debates.

Let’s start with a few basic questions that may help you decide whether it is better for you to invest or to pay down your mortgage.

1.) How many years are remaining on the current amortization of your mortgage?

If you have fewer than 10 years remaining on your mortgage amortization and your rate is fixed until maturity, you may be better off taking the guaranteed return associated with retiring your mortgage early. The reasoning behind this is that, while investments in the stock market may yield a higher return on average, ten years is a relatively short period of time to invest in the stock market. This is especially  true when we consider the necessity to achieve after-tax returns greater than your mortgage interest rate.

2.) Do you have the financial discipline to invest 100% of the amount of your mortgage payment once it is paid off?

If you choose to pay off your mortgage prior to retirement, you will have some catching up to do with respect to your investing goals for retirement. While there is peace of mind involved in being ‘mortgage free’, diverting that former mortgage payment to an investing/savings account is the perfect way to beef up your retirement portfolio.  the opponents to the pay off the mortgage early plan often cite the tempation for the new found cashflow to lure you in to a lifestyle that you won’t be able to afford once your working days are through.

3.) How confident are you in your investing abilities?

While I like to think that by investing in dividend growth stocks and dividend paying ETFs, I don’t always make the perfect investment. Yes, I even lose money sometimes

According to the statistics, most of us do not have the ability to consistently out perform the stock market indexes. What’s more, none of us have the ability to move the market which puts us at a further disadvantage. So, I must agree with Five Cent Nickel on one benefit of paying off the mortgage early:

Another advantage of paying off your mortgage early is that doing so protects you from yourself. While paying the minimum on your mortgage and investing the difference might sound like a great idea, there are no guarantees that you’ll actually follow through on the second part of the equation.

4.) What is your current state of job security and liquidity?

This is where we have to take a long, hard look at our personal situations and assess those things that could derail even our best laid plans. If you are confident in your job security and are comfortable with lower liquidity as you aggressively reduce your mortgage, then mortgage reduction may be the decision that is best for you. However, if job security is a question or if you are the sole breadwinner in the household, you may be more inclined to carry a higher level of liquidity (ie. larger emergency fund).

So, what am I doing?

I took a similar approach to this question that The Financial Highway suggests. Look at both the mathematical and emotional aspects of the equation and answer honestly to the above four questions.

Well, I am somewhat confident in my investing abilities, but the emotional side of me would like to eliminate my mortgage. However, the real benefit for me in eliminating the mortgage is in the increased cashflow provided from the complete elimination of the debt.

You see, my mortgage rate is variable and currently at 2.25% 2.50%, so the idea of paying extra payments instead of investing has little merit in reducing the overall interest paid on my mortgage.

Comparatively, saving/investing until I can eliminate the debt entirely will have the effect of keeping my funds liquid as a hedge against job loss or another financial tragedy until such time as I can mitigate the risk of job loss etc. by removing the entire mortgage payment from my liabilities.

What are your thoughts on the invest vs. pay down mortgage debate?

Resources:

Mortgage Pay Down vs. Investing Calculator

Here are two recent examples:

• Global credit markets continue to thaw as government cash injections and interest rate cuts kick in. Last Friday, the London interbank offered rate (Libor) – the interest rate banks charge each other for loans – fell the most in eight weeks to 0.85% for three-month U.S. dollar loans. Libor, which determines rates on everything from car loans to mortgages, peaked at 4.82% at the height of the financial crisis last October. Last Friday’s fall in three-month Libor was the 33rd consecutive day of declines – the longest stretch dating back to January 2008.
•  Last Friday also marked the 10th consecutive day of gains for the Baltic Dry Index, which tracks ocean shipping rates for commodities. This was the longest advance in three months and the index hadn’t been that high since last October. The index is followed by economists since it can provide insight into the level of demand for raw materials in global markets.

Whether it’s banks starting to lend again, demand for raw materials picking up around the world, improved housing affordability in the US or the fact that the stock market rally since March 9th is now the largest and second-longest rally in the past 18 months, it seems step by step the pieces required for recovery are falling into place (albeit baby steps).

That said, the recovery path could still look like “one step forward, two steps back” for a while as we were reminded last week by weaker than expected April retail sales in the US and soft Q1 manufacturing sales data in Canada.

However, we can see that the LIBOR rate, the key indicator for credit movement, has decreased drastically.  By all economic measures, this is a great sign for business and as such, a good sign for investors!

Mortgage and Housing Markets

Today’s housing market in most of the United States is a virtual candy store for the homebuyer. The sheer selection of properties on the market in most cities allows today’s homebuyer a tremendous selection at prices we have not seen in many years. There is only one problem however – lenders are tightening the purse strings on mortgage financing!

With lenders becoming more and more risk-averse, obtaining a suitable mortgage these days can often be a daunting task. There are numerous types of mortgages to choose from, and because of some previous “shady” lending practices, you need to make sure that both your lender and your mortgage are on the up and up.

With that said, there are several different types and structures of mortgages with various options to consider before committing yourself to such a large obligation.

Once you have settled on a legitimate mortgage with acceptable terms and conditions, there is the issue of the interest rate. Which option you choose will depend on your circumstances, but visiting your lender armed with the knowledge of the basic differences in terms and conditions will give you the confidence to get the best deal.

Here’s a quick guide to some different types of mortgages:

Fixed Rates

With a fixed rate mortgage, you agree with the lender on a set period of time – usually between two and five years – during which the interest will not change. The benefit here is that you will not suffer an increase if rates go up. Similarly, you won’t benefit if rates go down, and the borrower will likely face stiff penalties in order to pay out the mortgage early. As intriguing as a low, fixed rate interest plan may seem, you must check how long you are required to remain with the lender before you can pay out the mortgage without penalty.

Variable Rates

The amount you pay for your mortgage alters in line with national interest rates. Normally, the interest reflects the changes in the base lending rate of the central bank; this is decided by the Federal Reserve whom control the monetary policy for the country. Every time the Fed raises the overnight rate, the lenders eventually follow suit because their cost of funds increases. And in order for the lender to make money there has to be a “spread” between its cost of funds (the rate the bank pays to borrow money) and what the back charges to lend that money to the consumer.

Capped Rates

The idea behind capped rates is to offer the best of both fixed and variable rates. A “cap” is set on the interest so that it will never rise above that level, but if national rates fall, your interest will go down accordingly. The benefit of these is that you know the maximum interest rate that you could end up paying. However, the capped rate is not generally very competitive.

Discounted Rates

Discounted rates will fluctuate in line with the lender’s variable rate, but are obviously cheaper to tempt customers in. After the discount term has ended, the rate will then revert to the normal variable rate.

Banks and companies offering mortgages are now required to supply customers with a key facts document that provides all relevant information relating to the loan, and clearly sets out the total cost of the loan, not just the interest.

What Else Can affect My Mortgage Rate?

Along with the various types of mortgages available, there are a few other things that can affect the rate of interest that you will be charged on your mortgage.

One of the major factors that will affect the rate of interest that a lender will charge for your mortgage is the risk that they perceive they are taking by lending money to you. The major tool that lenders use to judge risk is your credit score. A better credit score will result in a lower mortgage interest rate because you are determined to be a lower risk than someone who has a lower credit score.

Do Your due Diligence

Whichever mortgage you choose, make sure you thoroughly research every option and compare lenders. You are, after all, bound in to the agreement for a long-time, and it’s sensible to make sure you get it right first time as switching lenders can involve hefty penalties. Lenders may have significantly different terms and conditions for their mortgages.

Remember, that it doesn’t matter how low an introductory rate is if it will significantly increase in 6-months or 1-year. Be sure that you read the fine print and calculate the actual costs of the mortgage over the entire amortization period.

There are plenty of great homes out on the market right now and there are a ton of reputable lenders who will be happy to lend money for home purchases. The key is to be knowledgeable and well prepared when applying for a mortgage so that you ensure that you get the best mortgage for your situation.

Happy house hunting!

Are you ready? Do you have your notepad and pen? OK.

I maxed them out.

Yes, that is correct. I completely maxed out every penny that I could in student loan funds. I took advantage of every student loan program that I could find and you should too!

Why You Should Max Out Your Student Loans

No Collateral Needed

The premise behind student loan programs is that the financing institution is banking that your education will allow you to repay the loan at some point in the not too distant future. These programs are put into practice to assist those of us who came from poorer backgrounds as a way to enhance our futures by financing an education. The education is then supposed to lead to a successful career that will allow us to be a contributor to society instead of a drain on society.

This means that your future is all you need for collateral. This is great for students, if it used correctly. When you view student loans in this light, they hold more wealth building power as financial tool of leverage than a mortgage does!

How To Leverage Student Loans To Build Wealth

First off, don’t take my heading the wrong way. I lived rough in college – but I had a purpose!

Most student loan programs, or the ones that you should take advantage of, have deferred payments until after graduation. Essentially, this means that you have access to FREE MONEY for at least 4 years!
*Note: Some programs require minimum – interest only payments.

Student loan money is meant to be used for tuition, books, and living expenses. The first trick to leveraging this student loan money is to ask scholarship or grant money after you receive your loan. I accomplished this by simply approaching the financial aid department at my University for additional funding. I would make an appointment and plead my case days before the semester would begin. It wasn’t often that I received less than an additional $500.00/semester.

So there I was with an extra $500 in free money along with my student loan that would pay for my tuition, books and allow me to live comfortably. This was the beginning of my strategy. Read on to the end of the article to find out how to leverage this money!

Get A Job

Put time and experience on your side.

It is essential that you have a job in college. I know that sounds obvious, but I’m heading in a different direction with it. I don’t suggest working full time or finding the job that pays the most money; I’m suggesting that you get a part-time job in your field of study.

Working at even a menial job within your field of study will at least give you some experience when you head out into the workforce with your hard earned degree. This will often allow you to skip the entry-level positions and actually earn a mid-level salary right after graduation.

The Strategy

Live like a peasant and invest like crazy.

Because repayment of student loans is deferred until after graduation, sometimes up to one year after, it provides the perfect opportunity to leverage free money to your advantage and harvest the growth of investments over a short time period.

As long as you invest the money and don’t use it to live “high on the hog” in your college years, this strategy works. Depending on the investments you choose and their performance, you could graduate with a positive net worth! So, don’t go and blow the money – be smart.

We have all heard the stories of the poor college student living on Ramen noodles and kool-aid. Well, that’s how I did it. Actually, mine was more of a macaroni and cheese and canned tuna – I need my protein!

Anyway, I took all of the money that was left over from my scholarships, student loans and part-time job and rolled it into certificates of deposit that matured in the year I was to graduate. I would have invested in the stock market, had I had the knowledge that I do now.

Hindsight is always 20/20!

This has been the basic strategy of leveraging student loans, if I have skipped over something or if you have any suggestions, please share them in the comments below.